• Glucagon was described as an insulin secretagogue as early

  2022-04-15

  

  Glucagon was described as an insulin secretagogue as early as 1965 (Samols et al., 1965). Our studies extend these findings by demonstrating that this is a direct effect mediated by distinct receptors in the mouse pancreas. Previous experiments on isolated β loxo 101 synthesis clearly show that glu

• Formyl peptide receptors FPRs are a family of surface expres

  2022-04-15

  

  Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are a family of surface-expressed, G protein-coupled receptors [7]. The three members, FPR1, FPR2 and FPR3, share significant sequence homology, but have different functional properties [7]. While FPRs are mainly expressed by innate leukocytes, they are also found on

• Prior models suggest that the terminal ends of the endocrine

  2022-04-15

  

  Prior models suggest that the terminal ends of the endocrine FGFs individually determine FGFR and KLB recognition, with little or no cross-talk. Our results confirm that short C-terminal sequences are necessary and sufficient to bind KLB and, supportive of a common mechanism, the underlying structur

• Bile acids are the end

  2022-04-15

  

  Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol catabolism and have also been considered as hepatomitogens. Recently, Yap has been shown to be activated by the mevalonate pathway, which is essential for the biosynthesis of isoprenoids and downstream cholesterol and bile acids (Sorrentino et al., 2014

• It is known that changes in cGMP levels are

  2022-04-14

  

  It is known that changes in cGMP levels are positively correlated with plant adaptation to environmental stresses. It seems that a novel group of moonlighting kinases with GC activity is particularly involved in response to biotic stress. It was shown that danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs)

• Accessibility and physico chemical features

  2022-04-14

  

  Accessibility and physico-chemical features of cysteine residues define their redox-reactivity and the 3-dimensional structure of GSNOR allows to identifying such surface-exposed, redox-sensitive cysteine residues. GSNOR crystal structures are available from human (Protein Data Bank code: 1MP0), tom

• Like tBHQ and DEM treatment of Keap MEFs with

  2022-04-14

  

  Like tBHQ and DEM, treatment of Keap1+/+ MEFs with SFN increased the abundance of Hmox1 and Nqo1 mRNA, and this was blunted by LY294002 and MK-2206 (Figure 2C). However, unlike the situation with tBHQ and DEM, treatment of Keap1−/− MEFs with SFN did not increase further the elevated basal levels of

• Little is known about the

  2022-04-14

  

  Little is known about the endocrinological control of reproduction in polychaetes. In vertebrates, gonadal maturation is regulated by the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis. GnRH, GTHs, and steroid hormones are involved in this axis (see Okubo and Nagahama, 2008). In two polychaete species, Perinere

• br Discussion The pattern of activity exhibited by SSR

  2022-04-14

  

  Discussion The pattern of activity exhibited by SSR 504734 and Lu AA21279 in the MEST test was very similar. Both compounds were inactive at the lowest dose (3.0mg/kg), but exhibited robust increases (∼150%) at 10mg/kg followed by a maximal detectable response at 30mg/kg. Based on the magnitude o

• Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic

  2022-04-14

  

  Excessive extracellular glutamate may induce excitotoxic neuronal damage in disorders of the CNS (Schwartz et al., 2003). EAATs are considered to contribute to prevention of excitotoxicity by glutamate uptake. Our data revealed that expression levels of membrane EAAT proteins in astrocytes are much

• Because sleep and metabolism are intimately linked the autho

  2022-04-14

  

  Because sleep and metabolism are intimately linked, the authors next move to study whether Eaat2 also controls metabolic rate. First, we must ask how sleep and metabolism are connected at a functional level. The NG25 allocation hypothesis of sleep posits that organisms temporally partition specific

• In conclusion we demonstrated that the atypical

  2022-04-14

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrated that the atypical high-basal activity of the mGlu3 GNE-317 results mostly from its activation by low ambient glutamate concentrations. This is due to a unique interaction network located in the extracellular domain of the mGlu3 receptor. This network acts as “Cl− lock

• In conclusion we demonstrated that extrasynaptic

  2022-04-14

  

  In conclusion, we demonstrated that extrasynaptic glutamate could in situ affect the AA metabolism via brain CYPs. CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 genes in the astrocytes are the downstream genes of CREB, and the up-regulation of CYP1B1 and CYP2U1 expression by glutamate was due to the increases in phosphorylated

• Toremifene Compound was obtained as a yellow crystal acetone

  2022-04-14

  

  Compound was obtained as a yellow crystal (acetone). And the molecular formula of was established as CHO on the basis of a quasi-molecular ion at / 331.0799 [M+H] (calcd. for 331.0818) in its HR-ESI-MS. Compound showed H and C NMR similar to those of Toremifene . However, The H NMR spectrum of conta

• A number of models have been proposed in

  2022-04-14

  

  A number of models have been proposed in order to explain the mechanisms of protein transport through nuclear pore complexes. One theory is that the transport is mediated by specific peptide signals known as NLSs. The classical NLSs are short sequences containing a high proportion of the positively

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